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Infant and Maternal Health
- Health Equity & Maternal Health
Every
pregnancy and birth is unique. Maternal safety refers to the safety of a person during pregnancy, childbirth, and the postnatal period. In Bangladesh, maternal mortality is the third leading cause of death among women ages 15-49. Most of these deaths could be prevented by high-quality prenatal care and skilled attendance during labor and delivery. Bangladesh has made significant progress in reducing maternal and child mortality and achieved MDGs 4 and 5.Nutrition plays a crucial role in determining maternal health outcomes in Bangladesh. However, women’s nutritional status has improved slightly over the years. Maternal malnutrition still contributes to a high rate of maternal mortality and underweight babies. At the same time, overweight and obesity are increasing.
Equity gaps
Gender Discrimination is the main hindrance to our social development. So equality can change the scenario of our society. Pregnancy is a kind of blessing. We have to take care of a pregnant woman. Social hierarchy refers to the upper, middle, and lower classes of society. This is the beginning of the equity gaps. Bangladesh has been making progress in reducing the gap between the poorest and the richest women in the use of facilities for delivery. Rapid urbanization is creating an unprecedented mix of opportunities and challenges.
Quality gaps
In Bangladesh, quality of the maternal care varies from town to village. Private clinics and Govt. Hospitals offer different types of services. There is no systematic assessment of the quality of maternal care in Bangladesh. Quality gaps include long waiting times, lack of cleanliness, and irregular availability of drugs. A report showed that 65% of neonatal deaths occur within the first six hours of birth. The use of diagnostic and treatment procedures (e.g. cesarean sections) varies from urban to rural areas.
Causes of Maternal Mortality in Bangladesh
Haemorrhage and eclampsia were the major maternal killers accounting for around half of the maternal deaths. The main causes of maternal mortality in Bangladesh are hemorrhage, eclampsia, and indirect maternal deaths. There are many causes of maternal mortality in Bangladesh, such as
- Hemorrhage: A leading cause of maternal mortality in Bangladesh. In 2016, hemorrhage accounted for 31% of all maternal deaths.
- Eclampsia: A leading cause of maternal mortality in Bangladesh.
- Indirect maternal deaths: A leading cause of maternal mortality in Bangladesh.
- Diabetes in pregnancy: A neglected cause of maternal mortality in Bangladesh.
- Factors that contribute to maternal mortality
- Lack of skilled birth attendants: Bangladesh has a shortage of skilled birth attendants, especially in rural areas.
- Low readiness of health facilities: Many health facilities in Bangladesh are not ready to provide quality maternal health services.
- Child marriage: Bangladesh has one of the highest rates of child marriage in the world.
- High adolescent birth rate: Bangladesh has a very high adolescent birth rate.
Four Pillars of Maternal Health:
During pregnancy, a woman’s health and nutritional needs are of utmost importance for the well-being of both the mother and the developing fetus. Pregnancy is often a worrisome and uncertain time for many expectant mothers.
Here are some key considerations for a safe and healthy pregnancy.
- Access to effective family planning: ensuring that couples have the information needed to plan their pregnancies.
- Antenatal care: ensuring that pregnancy-related complications are detected and resolved as soon as possible.
- A clean and safe delivery: with trained birth assistants and access to clean facilities and equipment.
- Essential obstetric care: is available to all who need it.
Maternal Psychosocial Well-Being:
Poor maternal psychosocial well-being, a public health priority, has been associated with many long-term negative effects on infants. Maternal Psychology is closely related to physical and pre-term birth, low weight, and undernutrition. The 5 Pillars (5P) approach is a cognitive behavior therapy-based innovation. It is designed to be integrated into existing maternal and child health programs.
- Empathic listening.
- Family engagement.
- Guided discovery using pictures.
- Behavioral activation.
- Problem-solving in day-to-day work.